Can CPAP Stop the Brain "Microbleeds" Linked to Dementia?
Key Takeaways
- Cerebral microbleeds are small hemorrhages in the blood vessels in the brain. They increase the risk of developing dementia.
- Research indicates that untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for developing microbleeds.
- Treating OSA with CPAP therapy may reduce the risk of microbleeds. But remaining consistent with therapy is essential.
Untreated sleep apnea increases the risk of high blood pressure, which in turn raises the risk of small bleeds in the delicate brain vessels. Microbleeds are a risk factor for developing dementia. Using CPAP may help protect brain health, but research continues on the extent to which it stops microbleeds.
What is known is that CPAP treatment can reduce repeated oxygen drops, improve sleep, and decrease the risk of high blood pressure, which may protect the brain.
What are Cerebral Microbleeds (CMBs)?
Cerebral microbleeds are small hemorrhages in the blood vessels of the brain that occur due to high blood pressure or small-vessel disease. The microbleeds are associated with an increased risk of cerebral bleeding, ischemic strokes, and dementia.
Microbleeds are usually only identified through specialized MRI techniques. They tend to occur in deep areas of the brain including the lobar regions. Microbleeds associated with high blood pressure are also commonly seen in the thalamus and cerebellum.
Why Does the Brain "Bleed"?
Microbleeds differ from bleeding that occurs during a stroke because the bleed is smaller. But they are still important since they indicate an increased risk of a future stroke and dementia.
The tiny bleeds can occur due to ongoing damage to small blood vessels in the brain. In many cases, long-term high blood pressure can cause microbleeds. Additional causes include vascular stress, inflammation, and aging.
People with untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may have an increased risk of microbleeds. With OSA, as the airway becomes blocked, oxygen levels drop repeatedly, leading to spikes in blood pressure. The result is increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and, over time, high blood pressure even when awake. The delicate blood vessels in the brain can become damaged, leading to microbleeds.
Research Regarding Untreated Sleep Apnea and Its Risk of Developing New Microbleeds
Although studies continue, some emerging research indicates a link between untreated sleep apnea and an increased risk of microbleeds.
A landmark study published in JAMA Network involved 1,441 people with moderate-to-severe sleep apnea. The participants were followed for 8 years and had serial brain MRI's to diagnose microbleeds.
The results indicated that the individuals with moderate to severe OSA had a significantly increased risk of developing new microbleeds. The risk was about twice that of the general population without sleep apnea. The risk was higher, independent of high blood pressure, diabetes, and age. Researchers concluded that untreated obstructive sleep apnea appears to be an independent risk factor for the development of new brain microbleeds.
The Long-Term Effects of Dementia
Dementia is a progressive condition that affects every aspect of functioning, including thinking, learning, memory, behavior, and physical functioning.
The most well-known long-term effect is progressive memory loss. But additional long-term effects of dementia include:
- Difficulty with problem-solving skills
- Impaired judgment
- Confusion
- Problems performing activities of daily living
- Depression
- Agitation
- Trouble communicating
- Balance issues
As dementia progresses to the end stage, it robs people of their independence. It leaves them with limited mobility and potentially total dependence on caregivers.
Actionable Next Steps
Because of the potential link between untreated sleep apnea and microbleeds, it's critical for people who suspect they have OSA to take the following steps:
Get Tested for Sleep Apnea
Getting tested for sleep apnea is your first step in starting proper treatment. After you talk to your healthcare provider about symptoms, he/she will order a sleep test. You have two options, including:
A home sleep apnea test: This is done in your own home using equipment sent to you to measure:
- Breathing
- Heart rate
- Oxygen levels
A home test is a good option when obstructive sleep apnea is highly suspected.
Polysomnography: This is an in-lab overnight sleep study conducted by a sleep specialist. It measures:
- Brain waves
- Breathing
- Oxygen levels
- Heart Rate
- Leg Movements
An in-lap sleep study may be best if the home test is unclear or if other sleep disorders are suspected.
Stay Consistent with CPAP Therapy if Diagnosed
If you are diagnosed with OSA and CPAP therapy has been prescribed, it's essential to stay consistent with treatment. CPAP can stabilize oxygen levels and reduce blood pressure spikes during the night. This can potentially decrease blood vessel damage and microbleeds.
Where to Get the Best CPAP Products
Staying consistent with CPAP therapy starts with finding the right equipment. From CPAP machines to masks to accessories, The CPAP Shop offers quality options. The right equipment can help you remain consistent with treatment while still being comfortable.
Please visit The CPAP Shop for expert assistance, top brands, and competitive pricing!
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